【安化黑茶是哪个国家的品牌？】

安化黑茶因产自中国湖南安化县而得名。是中国古代名茶之一，上个世纪50年代曾一度绝产，以至于默默无名。2010年，湖南黑茶走进中国上海世博会，成为中国世博会十大名茶之一。安化黑茶再度走进茶人的视野，成为茶人的新宠。其特色的千两茶，堪称一绝。

安化黑茶，传说在古代的“丝绸之路”上，运茶的马帮经常遇到下雨，淋湿了茶，茶商心痛不甘心丢弃。途径一个痢疾横行的村子，村里病了很多人。村民们没吃没喝。茶商想自己带的茶长霉了，不值钱了，就送给这些可怜的家庭吧。结果奇迹发生，村子里的人们痢疾全好了。事实上，安化黑茶的产生，比传说中的要早得多。

据《明史·食货志》记载：“神宗万历十三年（公元1585年）中茶易马，惟汉中保宁，而湖南产茶，其直贱，商人率越境私贩私茶。”安化黑茶是20世纪50年代绝产的传统工艺商品，主要由于海外市场的征购，这一原产地在安化山区的奇珍才得以在21世纪之初璧现，并风靡广东及东南亚市场。其声誉之盛，已不亚于当今大行其道的普洱，被权威的台湾茶书誉为“茶文化的经典，茶叶历史的浓缩，茶中的极品”。

安化在明代前期（15世纪）参照四川乌茶的制造方法，加以改进，制成黑茶。乌茶是蒸青（水煮）茶，黑茶是杀青（锅炒）茶，相比之下，黑茶除掉了青叶气，滋味醇和，有松烟香，更受西北各少数民族的欢迎。当时，西藏-常至京师礼佛朝贡，邀请赏赐。回藏时，明朝廷赏给许多礼物，其中茶叶是大宗，指定由四川官仓拨给，但-们却绕道湖广收卖私茶。湖广黑茶最合他们的口味，而黑茶主产于安化一带，后统称安化黑茶。

安化黑茶至晚产于15世纪后期，通常经由湖北运销北方和西北。由于安化茶滋味浓厚醇和，且量多价廉，西北那些领取官茶引票的茶商，都越境至湖南采购私贩。从明至清，茶叶都属于朝廷的“计划供应商品”，而四川茶、汉中茶在有明一代是朝廷的“定点生产商品”，利厚畅销的安化黑茶很快让汉茶和川茶市场冷落，产销萧条。明朝万历23年（1595年），御史李楠和徐侨为湖南茶叶在奏本中打架，一个要求朝廷颁令禁运，免妨茶法马政；另一个认为湖南茶对西北游牧民族有利，不宜禁止。后经户部裁定，报请皇帝批准：自后销西北的引茶，以汉、川茶为主，湖南茶为辅。至此，安化黑茶才算成了官茶。

经过茶商和市场的长期甄选，安化黑茶逐渐兴盛起来。晋、陕、甘、鄂、湘等省籍商人，各成一行帮，来安化采购和制作黑茶。资本雄厚的晋、陕、甘茶商，还在安化建有楼阁，设立行帮组织和商业铺面。资江沿岸各处，都有因此而人丁旺盛商业繁荣的市井，如黄沙坪、酉州、苞芷园、小淹、边江、唐家观、雅雀坪、东坪、桥口等地。

道光元年（1820年）以前，陕西商人驻益阳委托行栈汇款到安化定购黑茶，或以羊毛、皮袄换购，因资金较少进货不多，人称“滚包商”。受托栈行雇人下乡采买茶叶原料，踩捆成包，以利运输。最初大小形状和重量不一，后来逐渐统一为小圆柱形，重约老秤10斤，称为“百两茶”。清同治年间，晋商“三和公”茶号在“百两茶”的基础上选用较佳原料，增加重量，用棕与篾捆压成圆柱形，每支净重1000两（16两老秤合37.27公斤），称为“千两茶”，圆柱长约5尺（166.5公分），圆周1.7尺（56公分）。这种茶主要是晋商经营，又以籍贯不同分为“祁州卷”和“绛州卷”。祁州卷系山西祁县、榆次等地茶商经营，每支重1000两，产量较多；“绛州卷”为绛州茶商经营，每支重1100两，数量较少。

把茶叶制作成立柱的形状，经过炒、渥、蒸、踩等数道工序，一方面增加了有限体积内茶叶的重量；另一方面是黑茶品质形成之必需。“百两茶”、“千两茶”系列有一个总的称呼——花卷。有三重含义：一是用竹篾捆束成花格篓包装；二是黑茶原料含花白梗，特征明显；三是成茶身上有经捆压形成的花纹。茶呈圆柱，像一本卷起来的书，故称“花卷”。另外，在“祁州卷”和“绛州卷”之外，有老牌本号加料绛州卷，品质最高，号称“卷王”，历史上产量极少。新中国成立后，安化黑茶的主要销售区域还是巨响于西北少数民族居住区域，湖南本土的人很少喝，有些年间，黑茶丰产，很多黑茶卖不出去，当地茶民就把茶根，茶叶当柴烧。近几年，随着普洱茶的声名崛起以及产生巨大的经济利益与社会效应，安化政府不断的打报告给湖南省政府，请求支持安化黑茶产业的发展。今天，安化黑茶从一个湖湘大多数人不知的茶叶品种，一越成为很多湖南人送礼的首选，尽管安化黑茶在中国大地很多茶馆不为主流，相信众志成城的湖南人一定会让安化黑茶媲美当年普洱茶，成为中华茶客的喜爱。

英文翻译：Anhua black tea is named after Anhua County, Hunan Province, China. It is one of the famous teas in ancient China. It was once out of production in the 1950s, so it is unknown. In 2010, Hunan black tea entered Shanghai World Expo and became one of the top ten famous teas in China World Expo. Anhua black tea once again entered the field of vision of tea people and became a new favorite of tea people. Its characteristic tea is unique. Anhua black tea, it is said that on the ancient "Silk Road", the caravan carrying tea often encountered rain and got wet with tea. The tea merchant was heartbroken and unwilling to discard it. Through a dysentery ridden village, many people were ill. The villagers didn't eat or drink. Tea merchants want to bring their own tea long mildew, not worth the money, to these poor families it. As a result of the miracle, all the people in the village were cured of dysentery. In fact, the production of Anhua black tea is much earlier than the legend. According to the records of Ming history and food records, "in the 13th year of Wanli (1585 A.D.) of Shenzong, tea was changed from horse to horse, but Baoning was in the middle of Han Dynasty, while tea produced in Hunan Province was straight and cheap, and merchants led cross-border traders to sell private tea." Anhua black tea is a kind of traditional craft commodity which was out of production in 1950s. Mainly due to the purchase of overseas market, this rare talent whose origin is in the mountainous area of Anhua can be found at the beginning of the 21st century, and it is popular in Guangdong and Southeast Asia. Its reputation is no less than that of Pu'er, which is now popular. It is praised as "the classic of tea culture, the concentration of tea history and the best in tea" by the authoritative Taiwan tea book. In the early Ming Dynasty (15th century), Anhua made black tea with reference to the manufacturing method of Sichuan black tea. Black tea is steamed green (boiled) tea, black tea is killed Green (pot fried) tea, in contrast, black tea eliminates the green leaf gas, tastes mellow and has the rosin, which is more popular with the northwest ethnic minorities. At that time, Tibet often paid tribute to the capital and invited rewards. When they went back to Tibet, the Ming court gave many gifts, among which tea was a large quantity, which was assigned to Sichuan government warehouse, but they took a detour to collect and sell private tea. Huguang black tea is most suitable for their taste, and black tea is mainly produced in the area of Anhua, later collectively referred to as Anhua black tea. Anhua black tea was produced at the latest in the late 15th century, and is usually sold to the north and northwest through Hubei Province. Because Anhua tea tastes strong, mellow and cheap, those tea merchants in the northwest who receive official tea tickets cross the border to purchase and sell tea in Hunan. From the Ming Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, tea belonged to the "planned supply commodities" of the court, while Sichuan tea and Hanzhong tea were the "fixed-point production Commodities" of the court in the Ming Dynasty. The well-selling Anhua black tea of lihou soon left the market of Chinese tea and Sichuan tea cold and the production and sales were depressed. In the 23rd year of Wanli (1595) in the Ming Dynasty, Li Nan and Xu Qiao, the royal officials, fought for Hunan tea in memorials. One of them asked the court to issue an embargo to avoid interfering with the tea law and horse policy. The other thought that Hunan tea was beneficial to the northwest nomadic people and should not be banned. After the ruling of the Ministry of housing, it was reported to the emperor for approval: the tea introduced from the northwest was mainly Han tea and Sichuan tea, supplemented by Hunan tea. So far, Anhua black tea has become an official tea. After the long-term selection of tea merchants and markets, Anhua black tea gradually flourished. Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Hubei, Hunan and other provincial businessmen came to Anhua to purchase and make black tea. Shanxi, Shaanxi and Gansu tea merchants with abundant capital also have pavilions, guild organizations and commercial shops in Anhua. Along the Zijiang River, there are many well-known commercial and prosperous cities, such as Huangshaping, Youzhou, baozhiyuan, Xiaoyan, Bianjiang, tangjiaguan, yaqueping, Dongping, Qiaokou, etc. Before the first year of Daoguang (1820), Shaanxi merchants in Yiyang entrusted a bank to remit money to Anhua to order black tea, or to exchange wool and fur coat for purchase. Due to the lack of funds, they didn't purchase much, so they were called "rolling contractors". The bailee hired people to go to the countryside to buy tea raw materials, step on them and bundle them to facilitate transportation. At first, they were different in size, shape and weight. Later, they were gradually unified into small cylinders, weighing about 10 jin of the old scale, which was called "one hundred Liang tea". During the Tongzhi period of Qing Dynasty, the sanhegong tea of Shanxi Merchants selected better raw materials on the basis of "one hundred Liang tea", increased its weight, bound and pressed into a cylinder with brown and bamboo strips, each of which has a net weight of 1000 Liang (16 Liang old scale is 37.27 kg), called "Qianliang tea". The cylinder is about 5 feet (166.5 cm) long and 1.7 feet (56 cm) in circumference. This kind of tea is mainly operated by Shanxi merchants, and is divided into "Qizhou roll" and "Jiangzhou roll" according to its native place. Qizhou roll is operated by tea merchants in Qixian, Yuci and other places in Shanxi Province, with a weight of 1000 Liang each and a large output; "Jiangzhou roll" is operated by tea merchants in Jiangzhou, with a weight of 1100 Liang each and a small number. The tea is made into the shape of a pillar. After several processes such as frying, worming, steaming and stepping on, on the one hand, the weight of tea in a limited volume is increased; on the other hand, it is necessary to form the quality of black tea. "One hundred and two teas" and "one thousand two teas" series have a general name - huajuan. There are three meanings: one is to bundle the bamboo strips into a lattice basket for packaging; the other is that the raw materials of black tea contain white stalks with obvious characteristics; the third is that there are patterns formed by binding and pressing on the tea body. Tea is a cylinder, like a rolled up book, so it is called "flower roll". In addition, in addition to "Qizhou roll" and "Jiangzhou roll", there is an old brand of Jiangzhou roll, with the highest quality, known as "king of roll", with very little production in history. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, the main sales area of Anhua black tea was still the area inhabited by ethnic minorities in Northwest China. Local people seldom drink black tea. In some years, black tea was of high yield and many black tea could not be sold. Local tea people used the tea root and tea as firewood. In recent years, with the rise of Pu'er tea and its huge economic benefits and social effects, Anhua government has been reporting to the government of Hunan Province to support the development of Anhua black tea industry. Today, Anhua black tea has become the first choice for many Hunan people to give gifts from a tea variety that most people in Hunan do not know. Although Anhua black tea is not the mainstream in many tea houses in China, we believe that the people of Hunan who have a strong will will make Anhua black tea comparable to that of Pu'er tea and become the favorite of Chinese tea guests.

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