【Victoria`s Secret/维多利亚的秘密是哪个国家的品牌?】
"维多利亚的秘密”(Victoria'sSecret)是美国LimitedBrands公司旗下的产品,成立于20世纪70年代初,自成立那天起,公司的名字就一直成为了魅力、浪漫、纵容及女式内衣的代名词,公司每天每分钟内衣的销量达600多件。作为美国顶级内衣品牌,完美的奢华感成就了女人的品味、挑剔与自我坚持,从布料质感到剪裁线条帮助女人由内而外地演绎出最细致的自我风情。或高贵典雅、或性感神秘、或甜美可人,充分展现女人多彩幻变风韵。现在“维多利亚的秘密”(Victoria'sSecret)的产品种类包括了女士内衣、文胸、内裤、泳装、休闲女装、女鞋、化妆品及各种配套服装、豪华短裤、香水化妆品以及相关书籍等,是全球最著名的、性感内衣品牌之一。2002年她推出的镶嵌宝石、价值1000万美元的乳罩更是轰动世界。
1977年,毕业于斯坦福经济学院的罗伊•雷蒙德在加州旧金山创办了维多利亚的秘密。他觉得在大庭广众下为妻子选购内衣颇为尴尬。于是他在斯坦福购物中心开办了第一家商店,并迅速增加邮购目录和3家商店。该商店旨在为男性创造一种舒适的选购环境。木质的墙面,充满维多利亚时代气息,还有乐于助人的导购员。不同于架子上挂满各种码数的文胸和内裤的普通内衣店,该商店将各种款式风格、成套搭配的内衣,点缀在墙面上。男士只需根据款式选购,然后由导购员帮忙选择合适的尺码,在后台存货中取成品即可。
1978年7月,在英国读大学的格里丝到美国旧金山度假,住在离贝克沙滩不远的朋友家里。她几乎每天傍晚都下海游泳,不过一连两天,格里丝上岸后总会发现不远处有一个男孩的眼神在她身上徘徊流连,偶尔还拿笔偷偷地在一张纸上记着什么。第三天,当这个男孩再次出现在沙滩上时,格里丝走到他身边,毫不客气地质问他:“你是在监视我吗?我要看一下你手里的东西!”格里丝一看,纸上除了画着她的草图外,旁边还密密麻麻地记载着色彩、比例以及尺寸。“非常抱歉,我只是觉得你身上的这套泳衣很漂亮”男孩小声辩解着。格里丝不禁对自己之前的误会感到好笑。男孩又问:“小姐,请问你这套泳衣是在哪里购买的?”格里丝的脸微微一红,故意说:“这可是我的秘密!”交谈中,她谎称自己叫维多利亚。男孩信以为真。他坦诚地告诉格里丝自己叫罗伊•雷蒙德,是学服装设计的。他的母亲刚收购了一家内衣小店,他想改个合适的店名,却一直没想到好的,就到海边来找设计灵感。这时,雷蒙德忽然大喊一声:“我想到了,秘密,这正是女性内衣的精髓!我的店就叫‘维多利亚的秘密’吧!”随后他热烈感谢格里丝给了他灵感。这次轮到格里丝目瞪口呆了。
几天后,雷蒙德找到格里丝。并且带她去看了那家已更名为“维多利亚的秘密”的内衣店。为了表示对格里丝的感谢,雷蒙德还特意设计了一款别出心裁的内衣送给她作礼物,说它是“维多利亚的秘密”的第一件内衣。那是一件带着蕾丝花边的宝石蓝色文胸,既显华贵又不乏活泼,上面还绣着她的名字“维多利亚”。就这样,23岁的格里丝与25岁的雷蒙德开始一段仿佛是冥冥中注定的缘分。这感觉让格里丝既渴望又害怕。因为她早在两年前就有了婚约。随着假期的结束,格里丝归期已到,她不得不告别雷蒙德。临别前一天,雷蒙德对格里丝说,他会在这里一直等着她完成学业归来。这让格里丝心碎不已,她无法预知他们是否会重逢。她也无法向雷蒙德戳破“维多利亚”其实只是一个谎言。回到伦敦后,格里丝即向父母摊牌。希望解除原来的婚约。但一如预期地受到父母的坚决反对。格里丝痛苦不堪。她给雷蒙德写了一封信,坦白地说出自己的真实姓名和身份,以及现在面临的困境,请他耐心等候,并给予回复,然而过了很久,她都没有收到雷蒙德的任何回音。与此同时,格里丝的父亲却开始张罗起女儿的婚事。而在母亲的病榻前,格里丝不得不违心顺从父母,答应结婚。
1979年10月,“维多利亚的秘密”在旧金山开了第三家分店。给格里丝写了多封信,却迟迟得不到回音的雷蒙德很着急,他不知道那些信是不是因为地址含糊而已石沉大海。雷蒙德决定到伦敦去寻找爱人。然而令雷蒙德完全没有料到的是。他的伦敦之行变成了埋葬爱情之旅。他到达伦敦后,按照格里丝所说的学校地址找过去,结果得到的答复是“查无此人”。失魂落魄的雷蒙德回到旧金山。很长一段时间都沉浸在无法自拔的痛苦里。他没有心思打理“维多利亚的秘密”,反而用酒精麻醉自己。1982年,limitedBrands公司(LTD)的创办者莱斯勒-威克斯纳收购了濒临破产的“维多利亚的秘密”,成为这个品牌的新主人。TheLimited公司完整地保持了维多利亚的秘密的个性化形象。维多利亚的秘密在80年代迅速扩展到全美各大商城。TheLimited公司更将经营范围拓展到鞋子、晚装、香水等其他产品,每年8次发行邮购目录。90年代初期,维密更成为全美最大型的,超过10亿美元的女式内衣零售商。
1995年,维密举行了首场时装展,被全球媒体报导为“世纪内衣盛事”。1999年,经过在超级橄榄球赛期间广告宣传,维密公司创下广播纪录,时装展现场直播的同时在时代广场转播,吸引了15亿观众。
2000年,时装展在法国戛纳举行。在戛纳电影节期间为抗艾滋慈善机构筹集资金高达35亿美元。2001年,维密时装展首次在ABC电视台播出。吸引了无数观众,同时也有中级知识分子的争议。联邦通讯局接到众多观众对节目的投诉。2004年,维密一改年度的时装展,天使们(泰雅•班克斯、海蒂•克拉姆、吉赛尔•邦辰、安德丽娜•利玛和亚历山大•安布罗休)在全美4大城市:纽约、迈阿密、维加斯和洛杉矶举行天使全美巡演。2005年,罗格斯大学鼓乐队更在时装展结尾客串演出。这年也是泰雅•班克斯的最后一场维密T台演出。2007年,辣妹组合回归后的首次登台在维密时装展演出,获得显着成效。原计划参演的肯伊•威斯特由于母亲的逝世而取消了演出。Will.i.am乐队应邀顶替他的空缺。
l983年底,格里丝以促销小姐的身份进入“维多利亚的秘密”。凭惜着自己对内衣的了解和领悟,1986年,格里丝被破格提拔为公司副总裁及市场经理。1991年.格里丝领导的“维多利亚的秘密”一举成为全球10大顶级品牌之一,并且位居世界内衣专业零售商之首。为了扩大影响面.也为了让雷蒙德不论在世界哪个角落都能够看到自己开创的品牌,1995年格里丝开创性地与电视、网络等媒体合作,在美国国内推出“维多利亚的秘密”电视时尚秀,节目以新潮时尚的内衣和世界顶尖模特的性感演绎在世界范围内引发收视狂潮。格里丝完成了雷蒙德的愿望,让“维多利亚的秘密”传遍了全球。格里丝捧着雷蒙德逝世后留给她的最后的礼物失声痛哭,此后,格里丝将全部心血倾注在“维多利亚的秘密”里。使它在2004年创造了每分钟销售达600件的品牌传奇,如今每100位美国女牲中就有50位拥有至少l件“维多利亚的秘密”,它在全球的拥有量更是不尽其数。在格里丝看来,女人们穿上及收藏起来的不仅仅是一件内衣.也是一份像爱情一样的贴身关爱。
2004年7月,维密公司开始打造红粉佳人,专为大学和高中生定制休闲服、睡衣和贴身内衣的品牌。亚历山大•安布罗休为该品牌的首位代言人。红粉佳人在全美各大校园巡展,在校园外设立分点供学生选购产品。该品牌通过在MySpace网站、Facebook网站、与MTV合作和年轻人博客间开展市场。过去几年,该品牌曾多次被提名为全球该类产品最佳业绩。梅琳达•可儿是当前维密红粉佳人的代言人。自2008年初,贝哈蒂•普琳丝洛开始出现在众多该品牌广告中。
2006年,维密展出了大部分价值不菲的“梦幻文胸”。维密的子品牌红粉佳人更在该年首次亮相T台。时装展至此已发展成一场繁华盛事:富有精心雕琢的装饰内衣、多种多样的音乐以及各种为不同主题设计的背景。时装展吸引了无数名人和艺人。模特穿戴的巨型天使翅膀,以及其他不同形式、不同大小的蝴蝶、孔雀或魔鬼等翅膀,已成为维密时装的标志。维密时装展更是众多当红模特云集的盛事,在走秀的最后,均会同台在秀台中央展现身姿。
2007年7月10日,LimitedBrands将75%的服饰产业卖给SunCapitalPartners公司,专注于提升维密和Bath&BodyWorks的销量,Bath&BodyWorks在2006年为SunCapitalPartners公司提供了72%收益额的利润。全美1千家维密内衣店,以及1百家独立的维密美容店,大多分布在购物中心;出售文胸、内裤、袜子、化妆品、睡衣等众多产品。维多利亚的秘密的邮购目录每年发行4亿册。介于环境保护组织的施压,维多利亚的秘密所属的企业和环保组织在2006年达成协议,将内衣的零售目录做得更环保友好些。未经森林管理委员会许可,目录将不得采用加拿大任何有驯鹿栖息的林地所产纸浆制作;且10%将利用从顾客回收的废纸。如今,维密致力于在中级消费者脑海中树立相对保守,避免任何内衣可能带来的庸俗形象。该公司在90年代因启用超模代言广告和时装秀而陷入绯闻之争。过去几十年间,维密一直拒绝跟随名人潮流,每月至少回绝1名前来请求代言其品牌的名人流士。维密运用严格的客户服务模式。为常客发放提供折扣的消费卡、邮发优惠券和免费商品等促进销售。
英文翻译:Victoria's secret is a product of American Limited brands. It was founded in the early 1970s. Since its establishment, its name has been synonymous with charm, romance, connivance and women's underwear. The company sells more than 600 pieces of underwear every minute every day. As the top underwear brand in the United States, the perfect sense of luxury contributes to women's taste, pickiness and self persistence. From fabric texture to cutting lines, women can deduce the most meticulous self style from inside to outside. Or noble and elegant, or sexy and mysterious, or sweet and lovely, fully show the colorful and changing charm of women. The products of the "Vitoria secret" (Victoria'sSecret) now include women's underwear, bra, underwear, swimsuit, casual wear, women's shoes, cosmetics and all kinds of matching clothing, luxury shorts, perfume cosmetics and related books. It is one of the most famous and sexy underwear brands in the world. In 2002, she launched a $10 million bra inlaid with gems, which is a sensation in the world. In 1977, Roy Raymond, a graduate of Stanford School of economics, founded Victoria's Secret in San Francisco, California. He found it embarrassing to buy underwear for his wife in public. So he opened his first store at the Stanford mall, and quickly added mail order catalogs and three stores. The store aims to create a comfortable shopping environment for men. Wooden walls, full of Victorian atmosphere, and helpful shopping guides. Different from the ordinary underwear shop with various sizes of bras and underpants on the shelf, the shop decorates the wall with various styles and complete sets of underwear. Men only need to choose the right size according to the style, and then the shopping guide can help them choose the right size, and take the finished products from the backstage inventory. In July 1978, Grice, a university student in England, went to San Francisco for a holiday and lived in a friend's house not far from Baker Beach. Almost every evening, she went swimming in the sea, but for two days, when she went ashore, Grice would find a boy's eyes wandering on her not far away, occasionally taking a pen to secretly remember something on a piece of paper. On the third day, when the boy appeared on the beach again, Grice came to him and asked him politely, "are you monitoring me? I want to see what you have in your hand!" Grice saw that in addition to her sketch, the paper also recorded the color, scale and size closely. "I'm very sorry, I just think this swimsuit on you is very beautiful," the boy said in a low voice. Grice could not help laughing at her previous misunderstanding. The boy asked again, "Miss, where did you buy this SWIMSUIT?" Grice's face was a little red and deliberately said, "this is my secret!" in the conversation, she lied that her name was Victoria. The boy believed it. He told Grice frankly that his name was Roy Raymond and that he studied fashion design. His mother just bought a small underwear shop. He wanted to change the name of the shop, but he didn't think of a good one, so he went to the seaside to find inspiration. At this time, Raymond suddenly shouted: "I think of the secret, this is the essence of women's underwear! My shop is called" Victoria's secret! "Then he warmly thanked Grice for his inspiration. This time it was Grice's turn to gape. A few days later, Raymond finds Grice. And took her to see the underwear shop that had been renamed "Victoria's Secret". In order to express his gratitude to Grice, Raymond specially designed a unique underwear for her as a gift, saying it was the first underwear of "Victoria's Secret". It's a jewel blue bra with lace. It's gorgeous and lively. It's also embroidered with her name "Victoria". In this way, 23-year-old Grice and 25-year-old Raymond began a relationship that seemed destined. This feeling made Grice both eager and afraid. Because she had a engagement two years ago. With the end of the holiday, it was time for Grice to return and she had to say goodbye to Raymond. The day before leaving, Raymond told Grice that he would be here waiting for her to return from her studies. It broke Grice's heart. She could not predict whether they would meet again. And she couldn't poke Victoria at Raymond. It was just a lie. When she returned to London, Grice presented her cards to her parents. Hope to break the original engagement. But as expected, they were strongly opposed by their parents. Grice was in agony. She wrote a letter to Raymond, frankly saying her real name and identity, as well as the current difficulties. She asked him to wait patiently and reply. However, after a long time, she did not receive any reply from Raymond. At the same time, Grice's father began to talk about her daughter's marriage. In front of her mother's bed, Grice had to disobey her parents and agree to get married. In October 1979, Victoria's Secret opened its third branch in San Francisco. Raymond, who had written many letters to Grice but could not get an answer, was worried. He didn't know whether those letters had gone to sea because of the ambiguous address. Raymond decided to go to London to find a lover. What Raymond didn't expect was that. His trip to London turned into a journey to bury love. When he arrived in London, he looked for the school's address according to Grice's, and the answer was "no one". Lost Raymond returns to San Francisco. For a long time, I was immersed in the pain that I couldn't extricate myself. Instead of thinking about Victoria's secret, he drugged himself with alcohol. In 1982, Leslie wixner, founder of Limited Brands (LTD), acquired the bankrupt Victoria's secret and became the new owner of the brand. The limited company keeps Victoria's Secret persona intact. In the 1980s, Victoria's Secret expanded rapidly to major shopping malls in the United States. TheLimited also extends its business scope to other products such as shoes, evening wear, perfume and so on, issuing mailorder catalogues 8 times a year. In the early 1990s, Vermeer became the largest lingerie retailer in the United States with more than $1 billion. In 1995, Weimi held its first fashion show, which was reported as the "underwear event of the century" by the global media. In 1999, after advertising during the super rugby game, Vimy set a radio record, and the fashion show was broadcast live at times square, attracting 1.5 billion viewers. In 2000, the fashion show was held in Cannes, France. Raised as much as $3.5 billion for anti AIDS charities during the Cannes Film Festival. In 2001, Weimi fashion show was broadcast on ABC TV for the first time. It has attracted numerous audiences, and there are also disputes among middle-level intellectuals. The Federal Communications Agency has received numerous complaints from viewers about the program. In 2004, at the annual fashion show of vemi, Angels (TYA banks, Heidi Klum, Giselle bunchen, andrina Lima and Alexander Ambrose) toured the United States in four major cities: New York, Miami, Vegas and Los Angeles. In 2005, the Rutgers University drum band played a guest role at the end of the fashion show. This year was also TYA banks' last performance on the Vimy t. In 2007, after the return of the spice girls, they made their debut at the Weimi fashion show and achieved remarkable results. Ken West, who was due to take part in the show, canceled the show because of his mother's death. Will. I. am was asked to replace him. At the end of 1983, Grice entered "Victoria's Secret" as a salesgirl. In 1986, Grice was promoted to vice president and marketing manager of the company. In 1991, "Victoria's Secret" led by Grice became one of the top 10 brands in the world, and ranked first among the world's professional underwear retailers. In order to expand the influence and let Raymond see the brand he created no matter where in the world, in 1995, Grice creatively cooperated with TV, Internet and other media to launch the "Victoria's Secret" TV fashion show in the United States. The show triggered a worldwide viewing frenzy with the sexy performance of fashionable underwear and world top models. Grice fulfilled Raymond's wish and let "Victoria's Secret" spread all over the world. Grice burst into tears holding Raymond's last gift after her death. After that, Grice devoted all her heart to Victoria's secret. In 2004, it created a brand legend of selling 600 pieces per minute. Now, 50 out of every 100 American women have at least one "Victoria's Secret", and its global ownership is even more numerous. According to Grice, what women wear and collect is not only a underwear, but also a close love like love. In July 2004, Weimi company began to create a brand of red powder beauty, which is specially designed for University and high school students to customize casual wear, pajamas and intimate underwear. Alexander Ambrose was the brand's first spokesperson. Red pink beauty toured all the major campuses in the United States, setting up points outside the campus for students to choose products. The brand markets through MySpace, Facebook, partnering with MTV and youth blogs. In the past few years, the brand has been nominated for the best performance of such products in the world. Melinda Kerr is the current face of Vermeer. Since the beginning of 2008, behati prinslow has appeared in many advertisements of the brand. In 2006, Vermeer displayed most of the valuable "dream Bra". Weimi's sub brand red powder beauty made its debut on stage T this year. So far, the fashion show has developed into a prosperous event: rich in elaborately decorated underwear, a variety of music and various backgrounds designed for different themes. The fashion show attracted numerous celebrities and artists. The giant angel wings worn by models, as well as the wings of butterflies, peacocks or devils in different forms and sizes, have become the symbols of Weimi fashion. Weimi fashion show is a grand event where many popular models gather. At the end of the show, they will show their posture in the center of the show. On July 10, 2007, limitedbrands sold 75% of its apparel industry to suncapital partners, focusing on increasing sales of Weimi and Bath & bodyworks, which provided 72% of suncapital partners' profits in 2006. In the United States, 1000 Weimi underwear stores and 100 independent Weimi beauty shops are mostly distributed in shopping centers, selling bra, underwear, socks, cosmetics, pajamas and many other products. Victoria's secret mail order catalog issues 400 million copies a year. Under the pressure of environmental protection organizations, Victoria's Secret enterprises and environmental protection organizations reached an agreement in 2006 to make the underwear retail catalogue more environmentally friendly. Without the permission of the forest management committee, the catalogue will not be made of pulp from any forest land inhabited by caribou in Canada; and 10% of the recycled paper from customers will be used. Today, Weimi is committed to establishing a relatively conservative image in the minds of middle-level consumers and avoiding any vulgar image that underwear may bring. The company fell into a scandal in the 1990s when it launched supermodel advertising and fashion shows. In the past few decades, Weimi