【BOHEMIA波西米亚是哪个国家的品牌？】

英文翻译：Czech crystal glass has long been known around the world. Glass manufacturing industry originated in Egypt and was introduced into the forest lake kingdom of Czechoslovakia in the ninth century. In ancient times, there were many impurities in glass raw materials, low melting temperature, poor melting of glass, a large number of unmelted sand particles, bubbles and other defects. At the same time, there were many colored metal ions such as iron, manganese and titanium in raw materials, and glass was often opaque or translucent. By the 13th century, Venetians had melted into colorless and transparent glass using quartzite with less impurities and Levant's sodium containing plant ash. In the 15th century, the quality of raw materials has been further improved. Using pure quartz sand and soda ash recrystallized in the boiling water solution of plant ash at the lower reaches of Ticino River, the transparency of the glass obtained is significantly improved than in the past, similar to that of crystal, so it is named Cristallo, which is a kind of sodium calcium crystal. Sodium calcium crystal glass is similar to modern utensils. The glass is fusible and suitable for manual operation. After the 13th century, Bohemians established more than a dozen glass factories in Bohemia and silsia. In addition to the high-quality quartz sand, they also used forest wood ash containing potassium carbonate, such as beech wood ash, as the raw material for introducing alkaline oxides, so transparent glass with high refractive index was made Glass, also known as crystal glass, is called Bohemia crystal glass in order to be different from Venetian crystal glass. Because the wood ash of forest is used as raw material, it is also called forest glass. In the middle ages, Bohemia's crystal glass manufacturing technology gradually spread to central and Western Europe. Most glass factories in England and France adopt Bohemia potassium calcium and potassium sodium calcium glass components, with high melting temperature. They need good wood as fuel and cut down a large number of forests. In 1615, England banned the use of high-quality wood as fuel for glass factories, which affected the production of glass factories. In 1670, raven Croft, an Englishman, found that adding lead oxide (PBO) to the glass composition not only reduced the viscosity and melting temperature of the glass, but also made the glass easy to melt, with long material properties and easy to form. Moreover, the glossiness of the glass increased, more crystal clear and easy to grind. So he put the lead glass into production, called leadcrystal. The refractive index, dispersion and density of lead crystal are higher than those of Cristallo and crystal Alex, and the melting, forming and grinding properties of lead crystal are better than those of sodium calcium and potassium calcium crystal. Bohemia crystal has become the world's crystal crafts through the efforts of "crystal refiners" for 500 years. In the 18th and 19th centuries, Czech Glass manufacturing industry developed. The glass industry concentrated in the North Bohemia region, which affected the whole European market and enjoyed a certain position overseas. Bohemia crystal tradingas (BCT) was founded in 1996. It is an export group of two large Czech daily glass manufacturers (crystal nov'bor and sklo Bohemia sv'tl á). BCT became a large group of Czech glass manufacturers after purchasing two other traditional glass manufacturers (SKL á RNY Kavalier s á Zava in 1999 and SKL á RNY Bohemia pod ě Brady in 2000). BCT produces various kinds of crystal glass, borosilicate glass and lead rich crystal glass for household, kitchen and various interior decoration. 90% of its products are exported, and its sales network has reached more than 100 countries in the world. BCT group has become an important manufacturer and exporter of daily use and technical glass in the Czech Republic, and ranks among the world's glass companies. Bohemia crystal is a product created by the combination of Czech Glass's long experience and a new generation of glassmakers. It has become a synonym for Czech high-quality crystal with the trademark of the ellipsoid in blue and gold. Its products generally contain 24% lead oxide (PBO). According to the Czech industry standard, PBO ≥ 30% is all lead crystal glass, PBO ≥ 24% is medium lead crystal glass, PBO ≥ 7% is low lead crystal glass. Lead crystal glass has high refractive index, large dispersion, high density, and thick texture. When it is knocked, it has the sound of metal. The residual sound is round the beam. It is beautiful and pleasant. When it is used as a wine tool, it will produce good results when it is touched.

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