【怡和是哪个国家的品牌？】

怡和集团有限公司成立于1832年（壬辰年），总部设在香港怡和大厦，是亚洲成立最悠久的著名企业集团之一。集团的业务领域包括：金融及保险服务、零售百货、消费市场拓展、工程及建筑、机械制造、汽车贸易、运输服务、房地产及餐饮等，是一家建基于亚洲的的多元化跨国集团，经营多项具有市场领导地位的业务，并在区内拥有丰富的营运经验。

旗下下子公司包括：置地集团、牛奶国际、文华东方酒店集团、怡和太平洋、怡和汽车；投资的业务包括有：建筑（金门建筑）、地产（置地）、航运（香港空运货站、怡中机场服务、香港货柜码头）、零售（惠康超级市场、7-Eleven，必胜客、万宁药房、美心饮食集团）、投资银行、酒店（文华东方）、保险顾问等。集团业务遍及全球30多个国家和地区。

怡和历史

怡和集团最早从事洋行业务，怡和洋行是最著名的一家老牌英资洋行，远东最大的英资财团，清朝时从事与中国的贸易。怡和洋行对香港早年的发展有举足轻重的作用，亦是首家在上海开设的欧洲公司，和首家在日本成立的外国公司。

怡和洋行（Jardine Matheson，旧名“渣甸洋行”）在1832年7月1日在中国广州成立，由两名苏格兰裔英国人威廉·渣甸(William Jardine，1784～1843)及詹姆士·马地臣(James Matheson一译孖地臣，1796～1878)创办。

1841年香港开埠之初，怡和即以五百六十五英镑购入香港首幅出售的地皮。

1840年鸦片战争爆发后，怡和洋行于1842年将总公司从广州迁至香港。怡和初年在香港的竞争对手包括颠地洋行、沙逊洋行等其它贸易公司。

1843年上海怡和洋行成立。

1844年上海首次拍卖土地，亦由怡和洋行购得。

1872年以后怡和洋行放弃对华鸦片贸易，之后怡和的投资业务逐渐多元化，除了贸易外，还在中国大陆及香港投资兴建铁路、船坞、各式工厂、矿务、经船务、银行等各行业。

1876年怡和洋行除了在上海兴建了中国第一条铁路吴淞铁路，亦安装了中国的第一部电梯和引入各种机械及工业设备。

1912年以后，怡和洋行的公司总部迁至上海。

1872年在上海设立公和祥码头公司。

1873年开设香港火险公司。

1882年正式成立怡和轮船公司，并在香港、上海等地设立码头、仓库等。以后通过清内务府和李鸿章等关系，以中关税作保证，在伦敦筹集资金对中国发放各种借款。

1895年在上海筹建怡和棉纺厂。

1898年与汇丰银行合资设立中英银公司，先后贷款建造京沈、沪宁、沪杭甬、广九等铁路，控制近代中国的铁路投资，又赞助英商福公司投资矿业。

1902年在上海开设怡和冷气堆栈。

1923年创立怡和机器有限公司，经营机器进口业务。

1930年在上海设立怡和麦酒酿造厂。

抗日战争前，除上海、香港外、还在汉口、青岛、天津、长沙、重庆、宜昌、九江、南京、广州、汕头、芜湖、福州等地设有分支机构，成为英国在远东的最大财团。

1949年后，怡和集团在中国大陆的大部分资产及生意被收归国有。

1954年，怡和集团在中国国内最后一家办事处亦被迫关闭，公司总部迁回香港。

1961年首次在香港上市，获超额认购五十多倍。

到了1980年代末，怡和集团将公司注册地点由香港迁往百慕大，并在1990年代初将公司及旗下多家子公司的上市地点从香港移至新加坡或者伦敦。

英文翻译：Yihe Group Co., Ltd. was founded in 1832 (Renchen year), headquartered in Yihe building, Hong Kong. It is one of the oldest well-known enterprise groups in Asia. The group's business areas include: financial and insurance services, retail department stores, consumer market development, engineering and construction, machinery manufacturing, automobile trade, transportation services, real estate and catering, etc. it is a diversified multinational group based on Asia, which operates a number of market leading businesses and has rich operating experience in the region. Its subsidiaries include: land group, milk international, Mandarin Oriental Hotel Group, Yihe Pacific, Yihe automobile; the businesses invested include: Construction (Golden Gate Construction), real estate (land), shipping (Hong Kong air freight station, Yizhong airport service, Hong Kong container terminal), retail (Huikang supermarket, 7-Eleven, pizza hut, Wanning pharmacy, and Meixin catering Group), investment bank, hotel (Mandarin Oriental), insurance consultant, etc. The Group operates in more than 30 countries and regions around the world. Yihe history Yihe group was the first to engage in the business of foreign banks. Yihe foreign bank is the most famous old British foreign bank, the largest British consortium in the Far East, and engaged in trade with China in the Qing Dynasty. Jardine is the first European company to open in Shanghai and the first foreign company to set up in Japan. Jardine Matheson was founded in Guangzhou, China on July 1, 1832. It was founded by two Scots of English William Jardine (1784-1843) and James Matheson (1796-1878). At the beginning of Hong Kong's opening to the outside world in 1841, Jardine purchased the first land sold in Hong Kong for £ 565. After the Opium War broke out in 1840, Jardine Matheson moved its head office from Guangzhou to Hong Kong in 1842. Yihe's competitors in Hong Kong in the early years include British land foreign bank, Sassoon foreign bank and other trading companies. In 1843, Shanghai Yihe foreign bank was established. In 1844, the land was first auctioned in Shanghai, which was also purchased by Yihe foreign bank. After 1872, Jardine Matheson gave up opium trade with China. After that, Jardine Matheson's investment business gradually diversified. In addition to trade, Jardine invested in the construction of railways, docks, various factories, mining, shipping, banking and other industries in mainland China and Hong Kong. In 1876, Yihe foreign bank not only built China's first Wusong railway in Shanghai, but also installed China's first elevator and introduced various machinery and industrial equipment. After 1912, the headquarters of Jardine Matheson moved to Shanghai. In 1872, gonghexiang Wharf Company was established in Shanghai. Hong Kong Fire Insurance Company was established in 1873. In 1882, Yihe shipping company was formally established, and terminals and warehouses were set up in Hong Kong, Shanghai and other places. Later, through the relationship between the Qing house of internal affairs and Li Hongzhang, and with the guarantee of China tariff, we raised funds in London to issue various loans to China. In 1895, Yihe cotton mill was established in Shanghai. In 1898, the Bank of China and the Bank of HSBC jointly established the Bank of China company, successively loaned to build the Beijing Shenyang, Huning, Shanghai Hangzhou Ningbo, Guangzhou Jiulong and other railways, controlled the railway investment in modern China, and sponsored the British merchant Fuzhou company to invest in mining industry. Yihe air conditioning stack was opened in Shanghai in 1902. In 1923, Yihe Machinery Co., Ltd. was founded to operate machinery import business. Yihe brewery was established in Shanghai in 1930. Before the Anti Japanese War, in addition to Shanghai and Hong Kong, it also established branches in Hankou, Qingdao, Tianjin, Changsha, Chongqing, Yichang, Jiujiang, Nanjing, Guangzhou, Shantou, Wuhu, Fuzhou and other places, making it the largest British financial group in the Far East. After 1949, most of Jardine group's assets and business in mainland China were nationalized. In 1954, Jardine group's last office in China was also forced to close, and its headquarters moved back to Hong Kong. In 1961, it was listed in Hong Kong for the first time, and was oversubscribed more than 50 times. By the end of the 1980s, Jardine moved its registered office from Hong Kong to Bermuda, and in the early 1990s, its listed offices and subsidiaries were moved from Hong Kong to Singapore or London.

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